What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it effectively. This leads to high blood sugar levels, which can cause long-term health complications if not managed properly.
Types of Diabetes
- Type 1: Autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells.
- Type 2: The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough.
- Gestational: High blood sugar during pregnancy, usually temporary.
- Pre-diabetes: Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet diabetes.
Common Symptoms
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of wounds
Risk Factors
- Family history of diabetes
- Being overweight or obese
- Unhealthy diet
- Physical inactivity
- High blood pressure or cholesterol
Prevention & Management Tips
- Eat a balanced, low-sugar diet
- Exercise regularly — at least 150 minutes/week
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Monitor blood sugar regularly
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol
- Manage stress with meditation or yoga
Medicines & Insulin
Note: Always take medication as prescribed by your doctor. Common options include:
- Metformin (for Type 2)
- Insulin injections (for Type 1 & advanced Type 2)
- SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists
- Blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medicines
Exercise & Yoga
- Walking, cycling, swimming
- Strength training twice a week
- Yoga poses like Surya Namaskar, Vajrasana, and Ardha Matsyendrasana
- Light aerobics or dancing
Diabetes-Friendly Foods
- Whole grains (brown rice, oats)
- Leafy greens and non-starchy vegetables
- Lean proteins (chicken, fish, tofu)
- Low-GI fruits (berries, apples)
- Nuts and seeds
- Legumes and beans
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical advice if blood sugar levels are consistently high, or if you experience unexplained weight changes, vision problems, or persistent fatigue.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can Type 2 Diabetes be reversed?
In some cases, lifestyle changes and weight loss can bring blood sugar levels back to normal, but medical monitoring is essential.
2. How often should I check my blood sugar?
As recommended by your doctor — usually daily for insulin users and several times a week for others.
3. Can I eat sweets if I have diabetes?
Occasionally, in small portions, and balanced with other healthy foods.
4. Is diabetes hereditary?
Genetics play a role, but lifestyle choices also greatly influence risk.